BBC.The.Green.Planet.3of5.Seasonal.Worlds.1080p.HDTV.x265.AAC.MVGroup.org.eng Subtitles

At 00:00:50,200, Character said: This is the boreal forest...

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At 00:00:58,440, Character said: ..the largest forest on Earth.

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At 00:01:02,680, Character said: 750 billion trees...

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At 00:01:09,160, Character said: ..smothered by snow throughout
the winter.

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At 00:01:17,640, Character said: This is the northernmost boundary
of an extraordinary world.

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At 00:01:26,200, Character said: I'm standing at the edge
of the Arctic Circle.

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At 00:01:30,840, Character said: To the north of me lies a land
dominated for most of the year

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At 00:01:35,320, Character said: by snow and ice.

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At 00:01:37,600, Character said: 3,000 miles to the south -
the tropics,

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At 00:01:41,280, Character said: bathed the year round
in warm sunshine.

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At 00:01:45,320, Character said: And in between,
a very different world,

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At 00:01:48,960, Character said: dominated by relentless change.

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At 00:01:58,320, Character said: An endless cycle
of four distinct seasons,

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At 00:02:02,320, Character said: each with its own challenges.

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At 00:02:06,200, Character said: The short, freezing days of winter

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At 00:02:09,000, Character said: give way to the urgent awakening
of spring.

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At 00:02:15,720, Character said: And the long, hot days of summer

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At 00:02:19,280, Character said: yield to the cooling of autumn.

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At 00:02:26,920, Character said: Opportunities will be brief.

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At 00:02:37,280, Character said: To survive these extremes,

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At 00:02:39,360, Character said: plants have not only g***t to be
hardy and resilient,

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At 00:02:43,600, Character said: but many of them have developed
special strategies

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At 00:02:47,080, Character said: in order to meet the demands
of this seasonal world.

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At 00:02:53,560, Character said: To succeed, they must get
their timing just right.

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At 00:03:00,880, Character said: For months now,
this world has been asleep.

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At 00:03:05,720, Character said: But change is coming.

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At 00:03:23,400, Character said: Spring is on its way.

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At 00:03:49,400, Character said: In Canada, the forests are
starting to stir.

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At 00:03:55,920, Character said: Throughout the winter,
the sugar maples here

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At 00:03:59,360, Character said: have kept stores of nutrients
ready for this moment.

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At 00:04:06,440, Character said: Now, as temperatures start to rise,

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At 00:04:09,720, Character said: those nutrients must be brought
up from the roots.

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At 00:04:20,880, Character said: Sap is on the rise.

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At 00:04:28,800, Character said: Fuel for new green growth.

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At 00:04:42,840, Character said: But just as growth reaches
full speed...

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At 00:04:47,000, Character said: ..robbers arrive.

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At 00:05:08,880, Character said: A sap sucker.

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At 00:05:11,440, Character said: A thief in search of maple syrup.

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At 00:05:33,560, Character said: The tree can tolerate
hundreds of wounds.

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At 00:05:43,840, Character said: But if they completely encircle
the trunk,

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At 00:05:47,600, Character said: the tree will eventually die.

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At 00:05:58,080, Character said: The sap sucker's break-in
hasn't gone unnoticed.

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At 00:06:11,000, Character said: Hummingbirds, squirrels and insects

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At 00:06:17,480, Character said: all invade the sap sucker's
territory,

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At 00:06:20,720, Character said: trying to steal a meal.

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At 00:06:27,000, Character said: But unwittingly, they help the tree.

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At 00:06:36,000, Character said: Time spent chasing the
competition...

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At 00:06:40,280, Character said: ..means less time to drill
new holes.

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At 00:07:13,360, Character said: The tree gets a chance to repair
its wounds.

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At 00:07:19,400, Character said: And the sap can rise freely again.

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At 00:07:29,800, Character said: So this year, at least, the tree
will once more produce its leaves.

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At 00:07:39,360, Character said: Hundreds of miniature solar panels

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At 00:07:42,200, Character said: that collect energy from
the sunlight.

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At 00:07:48,080, Character said: Each leaf is covered by millions
of microscopic pores.

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At 00:07:53,520, Character said: Stomata.

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At 00:07:58,120, Character said: They take in carbon dioxide...

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At 00:08:02,720, Character said: ..and release oxygen and
water vapour

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At 00:08:05,600, Character said: in a process that produces
high-energy fuel.

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At 00:08:21,640, Character said: All the trees here can now use
that fuel

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At 00:08:24,600, Character said: to grow over the coming months.

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At 00:08:46,440, Character said: As spring proceeds,
the power of the sun increases.

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At 00:08:55,120, Character said: On river banks across Europe,

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At 00:08:57,360, Character said: many plants have been lying dormant
underground,

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At 00:09:02,800, Character said: waiting for the earth to warm.

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At 00:09:11,920, Character said: And now a race begins.

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At 00:09:21,760, Character said: Among the first to start
are nettles - the sprinters.

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At 00:09:32,280, Character said: Then, only just behind,
come the brambles.

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At 00:09:37,560, Character said: They're much more aggressive
and have backward-pointed hooks

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At 00:09:41,240, Character said: with which to scramble
over their rivals.

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At 00:09:46,880, Character said: Last to come - the climbers.

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At 00:09:53,200, Character said: Hops...

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At 00:09:55,520, Character said: ..and bryony.

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At 00:10:01,200, Character said: They lasso their way
towards the light.

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At 00:10:33,440, Character said: Soon, every inch of space and every
patch of light has been claimed.

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At 00:10:41,600, Character said: But hidden in the shadows,

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At 00:10:43,480, Character said: another plant has been waiting
to make its move.

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At 00:10:56,800, Character said: This...

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At 00:10:59,920, Character said: ..is dodder.

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At 00:11:08,160, Character said: A hunter...

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At 00:11:11,840, Character said: ..with an exceptional
sense of smell.

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At 00:11:21,480, Character said: Moving swiftly, it searches
for its prey.

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At 00:11:28,280, Character said: It detects the scent of
a young nettle.

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At 00:11:50,440, Character said: The dodder punctures the nettle's
stem

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At 00:11:53,880, Character said: and s***s out the nutritious sap.

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At 00:12:00,320, Character said: And it doesn't stop at just
one victim.

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At 00:12:06,280, Character said: With its energy supply assured,

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At 00:12:09,080, Character said: it multiplies.

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At 00:12:20,080, Character said: It's a parasite with an insatiable
appetite.

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At 00:13:25,920, Character said: But remarkably, its victims can now
exploit the dodder...

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At 00:13:33,720, Character said: ..when other springtime enemies
appear.

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At 00:13:40,480, Character said: Caterpillars.

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At 00:13:53,760, Character said: When under attack, a leaf sends out
a signal

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At 00:13:57,360, Character said: telling the rest of the plant
to start building defences...

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At 00:14:04,080, Character said: ..foul-tasting toxins that deter
the caterpillars.

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At 00:14:10,960, Character said: In an extraordinary twist,

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At 00:14:13,440, Character said: the stems of the dodder
interconnecting the plants

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At 00:14:16,720, Character said: are now being used as
lines of communication

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At 00:14:20,520, Character said: to relay these warning signals
from plant to plant.

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At 00:14:31,520, Character said: They respond by producing
their own protective chemicals.

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At 00:14:39,640, Character said: Eventually, the whole river bank
becomes one huge defensive network.

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At 00:14:46,400, Character said: And the one-time rivals
are now better off together.

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At 00:15:11,920, Character said: The first warm days of spring
encourage some plants to flower

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At 00:15:17,360, Character said: and get ahead of the competition...

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At 00:15:21,480, Character said: ..creating beautiful displays
throughout the seasonal world.

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At 00:15:28,800, Character said: From the spectacular
cherry blossoms of Japan...

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At 00:15:35,280, Character said: ..to the goldfield flowers
of California.

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At 00:15:43,400, Character said: But spring flowering is risky.

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At 00:15:46,160, Character said: If they flower too early, it may not
be warm enough

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At 00:15:48,880, Character said: for pollinating insects
to be active.

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At 00:15:53,320, Character said: But the common daisy gives
them every opportunity.

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At 00:16:01,280, Character said: The warmer the flowers are,
the more attractive they are -

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At 00:16:05,160, Character said: and they have a remarkable strategy
in order to maximise this.

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At 00:16:11,640, Character said: They were closed up tightly
throughout the night

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At 00:16:15,120, Character said: as a protection against the
elements.

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At 00:16:17,520, Character said: But once they feel the warmth and
the light of the sun,

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At 00:16:21,160, Character said: they spring into action.

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At 00:16:37,640, Character said: It's a behaviour called
heliotropism.

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At 00:16:42,280, Character said: They turn to keep facing the sun,

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At 00:16:46,160, Character said: absorbing as much heat as they can.

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At 00:17:05,680, Character said: This is a thermal camera,

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At 00:17:09,360, Character said: and it will tell me the difference
between the surrounding temperature

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At 00:17:14,720, Character said: and the temperature in the centre
of a daisy flower.

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At 00:17:18,840, Character said: The surroundings - 12 degrees.

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At 00:17:23,840, Character said: In the centre of a flower...

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At 00:17:27,600, Character said: ..21.

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At 00:17:31,840, Character said: Pollinators such as bees and wasps
prefer the warmed-up flowers

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At 00:17:37,280, Character said: because they can get a share
of the heat for themselves.

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At 00:17:42,080, Character said: As a...