Solar System -drcox S01E05 (2024) Subtitles

At 00:00:17,280, Character said: We all know the familiar faces
of our solar system.

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At 00:00:22,840, Character said: The worlds we grew up with.

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At 00:00:27,280, Character said: But there's another side
to our solar system

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00:00:30,80 --> At 00:00:35,360, Character said: The misfits and oddballs.

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At 00:00:41,480, Character said: Worlds of freakish shape
and size.

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At 00:00:48,600, Character said: Of extreme landscapes...

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00:00:55,00 --> At 00:01:02,200, Character said: ...and hidden secrets.

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At 00:01:17,480, Character said: So, how did
all these weird worlds

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At 00:01:20,480, Character said: come about?

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00:01:25,80 --> At 00:01:26,680, Character said: we'll have to explore the force
that sculpted

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At 00:01:29,920, Character said: and created them - gravity -

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At 00:01:32,320, Character said: and the forces that resist
its relentless inward pull.

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At 00:01:37,800, Character said: And also, at a deeper level -

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At 00:01:40,240, Character said: cos there's always
a deeper level -

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At 00:01:42,520, Character said: we'll be forced to contemplate

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At 00:01:44,600, Character said: why there is
anything of complexity

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At 00:01:50,160, Character said: Welcome to the solar system
of the weird.

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At 00:02:22,640, Character said: From a cloud of gas and dust,

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At 00:02:25,520, Character said: gravity, the great sculptor
of our universe,

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At 00:02:29,400, Character said: fashioned our star
and all the worlds

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At 00:02:31,920, Character said: and moons around it...

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At 00:02:40,520, Character said: ... creating the solar system.

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00:02:55,00 --> At 00:02:58,720, Character said: ever since.

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00:03:09,80 --> 00:03:13,80
Let me give you a little
30-second lecture on gravity.

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At 00:03:15,200, Character said: And I'm going to use
Newton's picture,

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00:03:17,00 --> At 00:03:18,560, Character said: the additional accuracy
delivered by relativity.

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At 00:03:23,280, Character said: Gravity is a force
of attraction between objects -

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At 00:03:26,600, Character said: and it only attracts,

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At 00:03:28,400, Character said: so that means that it tends
to clump things together.

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At 00:03:31,600, Character said: And it's a force that only
depends on the distance

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At 00:03:35,920, Character said: between objects, not the angle,

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At 00:03:44,600, Character said: It's this property
of gravity...

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At 00:04:01,320, Character said: But beyond
the near-perfect spheres

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At 00:04:03,480, Character said: that dominate
our solar system...

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At 00:04:11,320, Character said: ...out past the giant orbs...

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At 00:04:46,240, Character said: Only one craft has been sent
to explore the worlds

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At 00:05:04,440, Character said: And on its epic,
ongoing journey,

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At 00:05:07,600, Character said: the probe caught a glimpse
of something truly bizarre

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00:05:11,00 --> At 00:05:41,200, Character said: two glittering moons.

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At 00:05:51,440, Character said: If you were standing
on Haumea's surface,

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At 00:05:57,120, Character said: six times faster
than here on Earth.

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At 00:06:03,800, Character said: Haumea Is a truly unexpected
and bizarre-shaped object.

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At 00:06:11,960, Character said: The first like it
ever discovered.

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At 00:06:22,560, Character said: Leaving the question...

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At 00:06:26,640, Character said: ...what created

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At 00:06:28,320, Character said: such a seemingly
gravity-defying world?

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At 00:06:38,320, Character said: Now, for rocky worlds,

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00:06:40,80 --> At 00:06:43,800, Character said: is created by this -

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At 00:06:46,320, Character said: the rigidity of the rock.

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00:06:49,00 --> At 00:06:51,400, Character said: that it acts equally outwards
in all directions,

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At 00:06:56,360, Character said: so if you have a force

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At 00:06:57,720, Character said: that's squashing
everything inwards equally

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At 00:06:59,440, Character said: in all directions,
and a force that's resisting

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At 00:07:05,160, Character said: then the shape that's naturally
produced is a sphere.

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At 00:07:09,400, Character said: And you might say,

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At 00:07:10,680, Character said: well, why is something
like that not a sphere, then?

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At 00:07:14,520, Character said: | mean, it's made of rock,

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At 00:07:15,920, Character said: it's g***t a gravitational pull,

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At 00:07:17,960, Character said: but it's a very weak
gravitational pull

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At 00:07:20,240, Character said: because it's not very massive.

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At 00:07:21,880, Character said: And that's the point.

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At 00:07:23,680, Character said: So the gravitational forces
on the surface here

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00:07:27,00 --> At 00:07:30,280, Character said: to overcome
the strength of the rock.

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At 00:07:35,280, Character said: So, how big
does a thing have to be

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At 00:07:38,360, Character said: such that the gravitational
force is strong enough

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At 00:07:41,400, Character said: to overcome
the strength of the rock

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At 00:07:43,760, Character said: and allow it
to deform into a sphere?

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At 00:07:46,720, Character said: And you find, if you wave
your hands around a bit,

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At 00:07:49,720, Character said: that that size, the radius,
is something like

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At 00:07:53,280, Character said: 200, 300km.

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00:07:57,40 --> At 00:07:58,960, Character said: And indeed, you find that,

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00:08:01,00 --> At 00:08:04,600, Character said: than about a couple of hundred
kilometres in radius

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At 00:08:09,160, Character said: And anything that's bigger

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At 00:08:10,720, Character said: than a couple of hundred
kilometres in radius

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00:08:13,80 --> At 00:08:23,120, Character said: is a pretty strictly followed
rule.

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At 00:08:35,600, Character said: The larger worlds are,

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At 00:08:42,200, Character said: Yet it's a rule Haumea breaks.

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At 00:08:53,880, Character said: Way over the potato radius,

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At 00:09:00,720, Character said: So, if its egg shape is not
down to its size,

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At 00:09:04,520, Character said: then what is it?

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At 00:09:07,880, Character said: There is a clue,

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At 00:09:16,800, Character said: This is a photograph of us
working on the beach today.

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At 00:09:20,560, Character said: | use the term loosely.

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At 00:09:22,640, Character said: And what we did is
we took a time-lapse.

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At 00:09:25,960, Character said: But it's an interesting
time-lapse.

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00:09:28,00 --> At 00:09:34,920, Character said: the sun.

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At 00:09:36,360, Character said: And then,
can you see what happens?

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At 00:09:38,840, Character said: So, it's holding its position.

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At 00:09:40,840, Character said: It doesn't look right

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At 00:09:47,440, Character said: So, usually, our experience
on the surface of the Earth

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At 00:09:50,480, Character said: is watching the sky and the sun
and the moon and the stars

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00:09:54,80 --> 00:09:56,40
rotate around us.

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At 00:09:56,160, Character said: But if you take that motion
out,

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At 00:09:58,440, Character said: then what you're seeing here
is the Earth

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At 00:10:14,440, Character said: This unusual view
really brings home the fact

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00:10:18,80 --> At 00:10:28,600, Character said: And there are consequences
for sitting on the surface

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At 00:10:32,280, Character said: of something that's spinning.

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At 00:10:34,400, Character said: New forces are introduced,

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At 00:10:36,800, Character said: forces that are so-called
fictitious forces -

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At 00:10:39,960, Character said: but there's nothing fictitious
about them.

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At 00:10:41,840, Character said: Actually, you'll know that
if you've tried to hang on

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At 00:10:43,920, Character said: to a spinning roundabout.

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At 00:10:45,320, Character said: If you let go,
you go flying off.

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At 00:10:49,200, Character said: And that force is called
the centrifugal force.

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