Impossible.Engineering.S06E03.Monster.of.the.Andes.720p.WEBRip.x264-CAFFEiNE Subtitles

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00:00:01,802 --> 00:00:03,Narrator: This time on

00:00:03,270 --> 00:00:07,"impossible engineering:
Impossible railroads,"

00:00:07,575 --> 00:00:11,The incredible challenges
facing mountain railways...

00:00:11,245 --> 00:00:14,[ woman speaking english ]

00:00:18,119 --> 00:00:20,Narrator: And the remarkable
engineering solutions...

00:00:20,821 --> 00:00:23,Man: They told me,
"bruno, you're crazy.

00:00:23,090 --> 00:00:24,That's impossible."

00:00:24,492 --> 00:00:26,[ man speaking english ]

00:00:30,164 --> 00:00:33,Narrator: ...That make
the impossible possible.

00:00:33,034 --> 00:00:36,-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com

00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:41,Captions paid for by
discovery communications

00:00:41,142 --> 00:00:43,Narrator: As they make their
epic journeys

00:00:43,411 --> 00:00:44,Across the continent,

00:00:44,545 --> 00:00:47,Railroads continue
to push boundaries...

00:00:47,748 --> 00:00:51,♪

00:00:51,452 --> 00:00:53,Inspiring engineers
to find new ways

00:00:53,921 --> 00:00:56,To tackle
all of nature's extremes.

00:00:56,524 --> 00:00:59,♪

00:00:59,593 --> 00:01:02,But there is one challenge
that raises the bar

00:01:02,263 --> 00:01:04,Higher than any other...

00:01:04,065 --> 00:01:06,♪

00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:10,The mighty peaks
and sheer cliffs of mountains.

00:01:12,940 --> 00:01:16,From their treacherous,
winding terrain...

00:01:16,077 --> 00:01:19,Man: Semmering features grades
and curves

00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:22,That has never conquered before
by a railroad.

00:01:22,650 --> 00:01:25,Narrator: To impossible inclines
for trains...

00:01:25,486 --> 00:01:28,Man: The steeper you make it,
the bigger the train you need in

00:01:28,689 --> 00:01:30,Order to overcome this incline.

00:01:30,724 --> 00:01:33,Narrator: And passengers to keep
safe and happy.

00:01:33,494 --> 00:01:36,Man: The challenge here is,
because the natural wall

00:01:36,263 --> 00:01:40,Is more or less vertical,
so we have to find a way.

00:01:40,801 --> 00:01:43,Narrator: It was the challenge
of one epic climb

00:01:43,137 --> 00:01:48,That faced swiss engineers
in the mid 1800s.

00:01:51,145 --> 00:01:52,The swiss alps,

00:01:52,713 --> 00:01:56,Part of the largest
mountain range in europe

00:01:56,817 --> 00:02:00,And home
to some of its highest peaks.

00:02:00,454 --> 00:02:03,But with their unrelentingly
steep terrain,

00:02:03,190 --> 00:02:04,These mighty mountains

00:02:04,492 --> 00:02:07,Are a railroad's
most formidable opponent.

00:02:09,830 --> 00:02:11,Railroad technician
steffen reichel

00:02:11,966 --> 00:02:14,Is traveling
on the rigi railway

00:02:14,301 --> 00:02:17,To see how adaptations
to the track and the engine

00:02:17,605 --> 00:02:19,Made it one of
the first railroads

00:02:19,373 --> 00:02:24,To take on a seemingly
impossible mountain climb.

00:02:24,478 --> 00:02:26,Man: Look at that sunshine.

00:02:26,347 --> 00:02:28,Look at the rigi mountain.

00:02:28,249 --> 00:02:30,I love it.

00:02:30,584 --> 00:02:35,And now you can hear the engine
start working hard,

00:02:35,556 --> 00:02:38,Because it's very steep on rigi,

00:02:38,359 --> 00:02:40,And now listen to that noise.
[ engine chugging ]

00:02:40,361 --> 00:02:42,The fireman is doing his work.

00:02:42,596 --> 00:02:47,He needs to shovel
500 kilograms of coal

00:02:47,801 --> 00:02:52,Into the boiler
up to rigi staffel.

00:02:52,806 --> 00:02:56,Narrator: Today, this train is
one of the most popular

00:02:56,777 --> 00:03:00,Tourist trains in switzerland,
but in the early 1800s,

00:03:00,748 --> 00:03:03,The only way to reach
the dizzying heights

00:03:03,083 --> 00:03:08,Of mount rigi
was on foot or by carriage.

00:03:08,489 --> 00:03:13,In 1869, engineer and locomotive
builder niklaus riggenbach

00:03:13,394 --> 00:03:15,Was commissioned
to connect vitznau

00:03:15,329 --> 00:03:17,On the shores of lake lucerne

00:03:17,231 --> 00:03:23,With the summit of mount rigi
5,898 feet above sea level.

00:03:23,103 --> 00:03:29,♪

00:03:29,910 --> 00:03:32,Narrator: Having seen trains
slipping and losing traction

00:03:32,313 --> 00:03:35,On other railroads
with shallower gradients,

00:03:35,182 --> 00:03:36,Riggenbach knew his solution

00:03:36,951 --> 00:03:40,Would require
radical rethinking.

00:03:40,321 --> 00:03:44,The railroad would have to climb
over 3,600 feet

00:03:44,225 --> 00:03:46,In just over 3 miles.

00:03:46,460 --> 00:03:49,♪

00:04:01,909 --> 00:04:03,♪

00:04:03,877 --> 00:04:06,Narrator: Riggenbach designed
a toothed rack rail

00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:08,Between the running rails.

00:04:08,582 --> 00:04:11,A cog wheel was added to
the center of the wheel axle

00:04:11,385 --> 00:04:15,To mesh with this rack rail
and give the train traction.

00:04:15,089 --> 00:04:21,♪

00:04:21,195 --> 00:04:27,♪

00:04:27,334 --> 00:04:29,Narrator: In 1871,
the rigi railway

00:04:29,803 --> 00:04:32,Was the first rack-and-pinion
railroad in europe

00:04:32,973 --> 00:04:35,To conquer a mountain.

00:04:35,976 --> 00:04:39,Reichel: It's like riggenbach
built a stairway to heaven.

00:04:42,082 --> 00:04:44,Narrator: Taking nearly
two years to complete,

00:04:44,451 --> 00:04:47,Riggenbach had finally brought
this mountain to the masses...

00:04:47,955 --> 00:04:52,♪

00:04:52,626 --> 00:04:56,And today,
as many as 500,000 people a year

00:04:56,063 --> 00:04:57,Make the journey to the summit.

00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:03,Reichel: Up here, this is one of
the best views

00:05:03,270 --> 00:05:06,I ever have seen
in my whole life.

00:05:06,840 --> 00:05:09,I have been to
many mountaintops,

00:05:09,043 --> 00:05:13,But none of them had
that panorama as we do.

00:05:13,847 --> 00:05:15,Now I know why riggenbach
conquered the mountain

00:05:15,816 --> 00:05:17,With that tiny railroad,

00:05:17,284 --> 00:05:21,But up here,
it's only half of the problem.

00:05:21,322 --> 00:05:22,Narrator: Having managed to get
the tourists

00:05:22,956 --> 00:05:24,To the top of the mountain,

00:05:24,325 --> 00:05:26,The elevated incline
presented riggenbach

00:05:26,527 --> 00:05:29,With a challenge
of equally tough proportions.

00:05:31,565 --> 00:05:34,With a 25% gradient,

00:05:34,401 --> 00:05:37,The rate of descent
was creating too much stress

00:05:37,204 --> 00:05:40,On the boiler and band brakes
of his locomotive

00:05:40,574 --> 00:05:42,As well as damaging the track.

00:05:45,179 --> 00:05:47,Reichel: Usually, on an incline,

00:05:47,014 --> 00:05:50,Most railways
encountered very problem,

00:05:50,417 --> 00:05:53,Because the wear on the brakes
was so high

00:05:53,053 --> 00:05:54,That the brakes could fail,

00:05:54,621 --> 00:05:58,And so you rode down without
any brakes and could derail,

00:05:58,359 --> 00:06:01,And many accidents happen.

00:06:01,161 --> 00:06:03,Narrator:
For a train full of passengers,

00:06:03,063 --> 00:06:05,This could've been catastrophic.

00:06:05,432 --> 00:06:10,Riggenbach needed to find a way
to slow the train down.

00:06:10,504 --> 00:06:13,Reichel: Rigi was too steep
for normal braking systems,

00:06:13,507 --> 00:06:16,And so he decided to use
a different brake system,

00:06:16,844 --> 00:06:21,A brake system
which could not fall apart.

00:06:21,448 --> 00:06:24,Narrator: Riggenbach surmised
that if the engine was

00:06:24,184 --> 00:06:26,Strong enough to push
the locomotive

00:06:26,220 --> 00:06:27,And carriages up the mountain,

00:06:27,788 --> 00:06:32,Then it should be strong enough
to slow it down on its...

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