Planet Dinosaur_ Ultimate Killers (2012).720p-EbP.English Subtitles

00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:15,We are living through
a dinosaur revolution.

00:00:18,041 --> 00:00:21,We have pushed the boundaries of
our knowledge further than ever before.

00:00:28,470 --> 00:00:31,We have a completely
new understanding

00:00:31,131 --> 00:00:34,of the greatest killers
ever to walk the Earth.

00:01:05,464 --> 00:01:06,One killer,

00:01:06,965 --> 00:01:08,first discovered in Egypt,

00:01:09,271 --> 00:01:12,has become the icon
of these new predators.

00:01:15,876 --> 00:01:17,A giant dinosaur

00:01:17,788 --> 00:01:21,with two-metre-long
spines rising over its back.

00:01:21,515 --> 00:01:23,It was unlike
anything seen before.

00:01:26,231 --> 00:01:30,It was only in 2005, when
a complete upper jaw was found,

00:01:30,791 --> 00:01:34,that we could accurately reconstruct
this bizarre creature.

00:01:35,719 --> 00:01:38,With a skull almost
two metres long,

00:01:38,571 --> 00:01:43,this dinosaur was a colossal
17 metres from nose to tail.

00:01:44,449 --> 00:01:47,Four metres longer than T Rex.

00:01:51,864 --> 00:01:53,The reign of the dinosaurs

00:01:53,412 --> 00:01:56,began almost
250 million years ago.

00:01:58,601 --> 00:02:02,But this killer didn't appear until
a time known as the Mid-Cretaceous.

00:02:04,419 --> 00:02:08,95 million years ago,
its home in North Africa

00:02:09,361 --> 00:02:13,was a desert surrounding a vast
system of rivers and swamps.

00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:22,The swamps are refuges
for many large dinosaurs,

00:02:22,687 --> 00:02:24,like the duck-billed Ouranosaurus.

00:02:40,291 --> 00:02:42,They're also the hunting
grounds for a killer.

00:04:27,770 --> 00:04:29,Spinosaurus.

00:04:33,296 --> 00:04:35,The biggest killer
ever to walk the Earth.

00:04:37,513 --> 00:04:39,An 11-tonne colossus.

00:05:02,607 --> 00:05:06,However, for the time being,
these Ouranosaurs

00:05:06,429 --> 00:05:08,are off this killer's menu.

00:05:16,786 --> 00:05:21,Spinosaurus is part of a relatively
newly-discovered family of dinosaurs.

00:05:22,846 --> 00:05:25,They've been found in
South America with Irritator,

00:05:26,378 --> 00:05:28,in Europe, there is Baryonyx

00:05:28,617 --> 00:05:30,and Asia, Siamosaurus.

00:05:32,060 --> 00:05:35,But the last and biggest of all
came from North Africa.

00:05:36,068 --> 00:05:37,Spinosaurus itself.

00:05:41,984 --> 00:05:46,And studies of their bones and teeth
revealed something amazing.

00:05:52,166 --> 00:05:54,Spinosaurus is a predator.

00:05:57,962 --> 00:05:59,But one that hunts in water.

00:06:21,091 --> 00:06:22,Spinosaurus is unique.

00:06:23,783 --> 00:06:27,With long, narrow jaws and
nostrils set high on its head.

00:06:28,271 --> 00:06:30,Its teeth were straight and conical.

00:06:31,047 --> 00:06:34,And had a curious pattern
of holes in its snout.

00:06:34,764 --> 00:06:36,Which give us
a clue to how it hunted.

00:06:42,477 --> 00:06:44,These are Onchopristis.

00:06:45,635 --> 00:06:47,Eight-metre-long giant sawfish.

00:07:12,755 --> 00:07:17,In 2008, a Spinosaurus' skull
was put through a CT scanner.

00:07:19,761 --> 00:07:22,It revealed that the holes
and sinuses in the snout

00:07:22,728 --> 00:07:24,looked just like
those of crocodiles.

00:07:25,791 --> 00:07:28,It's thought these contained
pressure sensors.

00:07:30,523 --> 00:07:32,Sensors that, like a crocodile,

00:07:32,716 --> 00:07:34,can detect the movement of prey.

00:07:48,303 --> 00:07:50,It can strike without
even seeing its victim.

00:08:35,387 --> 00:08:39,Anywhere else this eight-metre
Rugops might be the top carnivore.

00:08:40,156 --> 00:08:43,But here, it is dwarfed
by Spinosaurus.

00:08:47,111 --> 00:08:51,A predator that adapted to exploit
an environment so successfully,

00:08:52,302 --> 00:08:55,it evolved into a 17-metre giant.

00:09:11,449 --> 00:09:15,Spinosaurus is the biggest
dinosaur predator ever discovered.

00:09:16,420 --> 00:09:18,But it wasn't
the first giant killer.

00:09:19,659 --> 00:09:23,The first giant killer dinosaurs
appeared much earlier.

00:09:23,769 --> 00:09:27,They lived in the Jurassic period,
150 million years ago.

00:09:32,374 --> 00:09:35,One of the most iconic
is Allosaurus,

00:09:35,397 --> 00:09:37,from the Morrison Formation
in North America.

00:09:40,239 --> 00:09:43,Yet it's only recently that
we've been able to work out,

00:09:43,361 --> 00:09:45,how these predators hunted.

00:09:57,331 --> 00:10:01,Allosaurus is the most common
killer in these lands.

00:10:06,290 --> 00:10:10,Nine metres long, with a battery
of saw blade-like teeth

00:10:10,719 --> 00:10:12,Allosaurus is a formidable hunter.

00:10:31,817 --> 00:10:35,A lone Camptosaurus
should be an easy kill.

00:10:48,917 --> 00:10:52,Allosaurus teeth
were serrated front and back,

00:10:52,601 --> 00:10:55,perfectly evolved
for tearing through flesh.

00:10:58,277 --> 00:11:00,However, recent research
has indicated

00:11:00,764 --> 00:11:03,that Allosaurus' b***e
was surprisingly weak.

00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:09,Calculations suggested its b***e
was less powerful than a lion's.

00:11:19,396 --> 00:11:23,So, just how did this Jurassic
monster hunt and kill?

00:11:55,442 --> 00:11:58,Camptosaurus relies
on its keen senses

00:11:58,530 --> 00:11:59,to avoid predators.

00:12:08,646 --> 00:12:13,Allosaurus on the other hand, is
a fast and powerful ambush hunter.

00:13:41,069 --> 00:13:43,Despite the apparent
weakness of its b***e,

00:13:43,625 --> 00:13:46,Allosaurus did in fact have
a deadly killing method.

00:13:50,234 --> 00:13:52,Its skull could withstand a force

00:13:52,346 --> 00:13:55,more than 15 times
as great as its b***e.

00:14:00,805 --> 00:14:04,This meant that Allosaurus
used its head like an axe.

00:14:04,978 --> 00:14:09,Its strong neck muscles driving
its top jaw into its prey.

00:14:10,702 --> 00:14:13,With every impact,
the serrated teeth

00:14:13,213 --> 00:14:15,would tear through
its prey's flesh.

00:14:20,732 --> 00:14:24,The victim dying, through a
combination of shock and blood loss.

00:14:44,433 --> 00:14:45,Saurophaganax.

00:14:49,564 --> 00:14:53,At 12 metres, it is the biggest
carnivore in the region.

00:15:23,834 --> 00:15:26,One of the advantages
of being so big

00:15:26,485 --> 00:15:29,is that stealing another's kill
is that much easier.

00:15:38,183 --> 00:15:40,With rise of giant predators

00:15:40,876 --> 00:15:43,and their spread throughout
the Jurassic world

00:15:43,950 --> 00:15:47,smaller dinosaurs needed
new strategies

00:15:47,202 --> 00:15:48,if they were to survive.

00:15:51,170 --> 00:15:53,In recent years, China
has been the focus

00:15:53,877 --> 00:15:56,of some remarkable
fossil discoveries.

00:15:59,142 --> 00:16:01,One extraordinary fossil hints

00:16:01,511 --> 00:16:05,how some may have avoided
these killer dinosaurs.

00:16:07,880 --> 00:16:10,It lived in the Jurassic
forest of China

00:16:10,602 --> 00:16:13,a 154 million years ago.

00:16:19,995 --> 00:16:23,Hiding in these lush forests
is Epidexipteryx.

00:16:43,143 --> 00:16:45,This forest is home
to many predators

00:16:45,674 --> 00:16:48,and being small
makes it vulnerable.

00:17:23,025 --> 00:17:24,This is Sinraptor.

00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:30,A small dinosaur
like Epidexipteryx

00:17:30,734 --> 00:17:33,would be of no interest
to a seven-metre adult.

00:17:35,470 --> 00:17:37,But this is a juvenile.

00:18:30,928 --> 00:18:33,Being small does have
its advantages.

00:18:36,537 --> 00:18:38,Everything we know
about Epidexipteryx

00:18:39,170 --> 00:18:41,comes from
an incredible fossil,

00:18:41,604 --> 00:18:43,first revealed in 2008.

00:18:46,236 --> 00:18:50,It showed an animal with a small
skull and large eye sockets,

00:18:50,995 --> 00:18:53,and unusually long teeth.

00:18:57,298 --> 00:18:59,With toes suited
to gripping branches

00:19:00,098 --> 00:19:02,and very long arms and hands,

00:19:02,929 --> 00:19:07,it suggests that this was a dinosaur
well suited to living in the trees.

00:19:11,979 --> 00:19:15,The extraordinary,
elongated third finger

00:19:15,978 --> 00:19:18,is another distinctive
feature of the group.

00:19:21,213 --> 00:19:24,With this and its
projecting front teeth,

00:19:24,402 --> 00:19:28,Epidexipteryx has the perfect
tools to hunt for insects.

00:20:04,666 --> 00:20:08,Prey like this, which is difficult
to catch, is quite a prize.

00:20:17,012 --> 00:20:19,A prize that can attract
unwanted attention.

00:20:21,071 --> 00:20:24,Here it's another, larger,
Epidexipteryx.

00:20:46,162 --> 00:20:49,There is...