Solar System -drcox S01E02 (2024) Subtitles

At 00:00:16,360, Character said: It's midsummer.

3
At 00:00:21,720, Character said: A storm is breaking...

4
00:00:31,00 --> At 00:00:38,600, Character said: ... forming floods that drain
into raging rivers...

6
At 00:00:49,920, Character said: ..and giant lakes.

7
At 00:00:57,200, Character said: This is the only world
in our solar system

8
At 00:01:10,760, Character said: .. apart from our own planet.

10
At 00:01:18,520, Character said: 1.4 billion kilometres
from the sun

11
00:01:22,00 --> 00:01:25,40
lies Earth's strange,
stormy twin.

12
At 00:01:32,480, Character said: Saturn's moon Titan is,
in some ways,

13
00:01:35,80 --> At 00:01:43,120, Character said: than any other place
in the solar system.

17
At 00:01:45,680, Character said: | could stand on the surface
of Titan in a spacesuit

18
At 00:01:50,400, Character said: and look out over lakes,

19
At 00:01:53,360, Character said: and | could look into the sky,

20
At 00:02:02,160, Character said: But appearances can be
deceptive.

22
At 00:02:12,200, Character said: Temperatures on Titan

23
00:02:14,40 --> At 00:02:17,320, Character said: far too cold for liquid water.

25
At 00:02:24,320, Character said: Instead, these clouds are made
of a chemical that, on Earth,

26
At 00:02:28,960, Character said: is a flammable gas.

27
At 00:02:32,120, Character said: Methane.

28
At 00:02:37,480, Character said: Titan is a world sculpted
by methane storms.

29
At 00:02:43,840, Character said: Titan is the only moon
in the solar system

30
At 00:02:45,800, Character said: with a thick atmosphere,

31
At 00:02:47,520, Character said: and that atmosphere is the
stage for the methane cycle,

32
At 00:02:55,160, Character said: condense as clouds,
and fall as rain.

34
At 00:02:58,800, Character said: But Titan is certainly not
the only storm world.

35
At 00:03:07,440, Character said: Among the most dynamic
and violent worlds

36
At 00:03:09,720, Character said: in our solar system...

37
At 00:03:14,680, Character said: ..are the handful that,
like Titan,

38
At 00:03:18,280, Character said: have a thick atmosphere.

39
At 00:03:23,840, Character said: Planets where
sulphuric acid storms rage...

40
At 00:03:35,520, Character said: ..and lighting ten times
more powerful

42
At 00:03:45,880, Character said: ...and worlds whose storms
grow so large,

44
At 00:03:48,600, Character said: they are entirely engulfed.

45
At 00:04:02,760, Character said: (THUNDER ROLLS)

46
At 00:04:15,760, Character said: On a perfectly still morning
like this...

47
At 00:04:19,800, Character said: ..as the sun rises
above the high plains of Utah,

48
At 00:04:32,200, Character said: and central to the character
of our planet.

51
At 00:04:44,280, Character said: Atmospheres behave like fluids,

52
At 00:04:47,280, Character said: and that's extremely important
for a planet like Earth.

53
At 00:04:52,600, Character said: Let me show you what | mean.

54
At 00:05:02,280, Character said: Now, if | build a model
of the Earth's atmosphere -

56
At 00:05:06,600, Character said: which is coffee -

57
At 00:05:08,240, Character said: and then,
if | put some milk in...

58
At 00:05:11,680, Character said: ...which is a denser fluid
than the coffee,

59
At 00:05:15,280, Character said: and so it's sinking down
to the bottom of the pan.

60
At 00:05:19,440, Character said: And the reason
| want to do that

61
At 00:05:21,480, Character said: is to show you something that
happens when | heat a fluid.

62
At 00:05:28,720, Character said: You think about a planet
like the Earth,

63
At 00:05:31,320, Character said: then it's heated from the sun.

64
At 00:05:33,800, Character said: That means that there are
temperature differences

65
At 00:05:36,520, Character said: naturally occurring
in our atmosphere,

66
At 00:05:41,200, Character said: when there are temperature
differences that matters.

68
At 00:05:44,440, Character said: So what you see here
is that that milk

69
At 00:05:47,920, Character said: at the bottom of the pan

70
At 00:05:54,360, Character said: And that temperature difference
is trying to equalise.

72
At 00:05:58,960, Character said: So it's not that
the temperature difference

73
At 00:06:01,440, Character said: just equalises
In a nice uniform way.

74
At 00:06:03,800, Character said: But you can see it...there.

75
At 00:06:07,400, Character said: See? There are patterns
developing.

76
At 00:06:10,400, Character said: A tremendous amount
of complexity.

77
At 00:06:13,520, Character said: And it's exactly the same
in our atmosphere.

78
At 00:06:16,880, Character said: But in our atmosphere,
we Call all those patterns

79
At 00:06:20,680, Character said: and all that turbulence
weather.

80
At 00:06:33,200, Character said: can almost be thought of
as side-effects

82
At 00:06:35,440, Character said: of an atmosphere
trying to move energy

83
At 00:06:38,280, Character said: between hot and cold.

84
At 00:06:45,120, Character said: lf a world has an atmosphere,

85
At 00:06:46,600, Character said: it will have some form
of weather.

86
At 00:06:56,160, Character said: But as the fleet of spacecraft

87
At 00:07:02,560, Character said: ..atmospheres vary hugely

89
At 00:07:05,480, Character said: by temperature, pressure
and chemical make-up.

90
At 00:07:14,200, Character said: while storms might be common
in our solar system,

92
At 00:07:16,840, Character said: on no two worlds
are they ever the same.

93
At 00:07:34,160, Character said: Journeying outwards
from our shared star,

94
At 00:07:37,320, Character said: searching for storm worlds...

95
At 00:07:52,480, Character said: ...and arrive at a world
consumed by one.

97
At 00:08:05,880, Character said: From a distance, Venus appears
to be a serene pearlescent orb

98
At 00:08:10,720, Character said: floating in space.

99
At 00:08:18,240, Character said: ..and the planet begins to
reveal its true nature.

101
At 00:08:23,640, Character said: (WIND WHISTLES)

102
At 00:08:26,320, Character said: All that can be seen
are clouds.

103
At 00:08:29,280, Character said: Endless, thick,
churning storm clouds

104
At 00:08:47,320, Character said: ..and whipped up
by hurricane-force winds.

107
At 00:08:53,440, Character said: Venus Is a true storm world.

108
At 00:09:02,600, Character said: Now, those clouds on Venus

109
At 00:09:04,400, Character said: just look like storm clouds
here on Earth.

110
00:09:07,00 --> At 00:09:09,520, Character said: but maybe nothing too much
to worry about

112
At 00:09:12,400, Character said: if you were sat beneath them.

113
At 00:09:14,880, Character said: Well, they are actually
something to worry about.

114
At 00:09:18,880, Character said: They're not made of water.

115
At 00:09:22,360, Character said: They're made of this.

116
At 00:09:23,960, Character said: Concentrated sulphuric acid.

117
At 00:09:26,760, Character said: (LAUGHS) Now, even saying that
sounds nasty,

118
00:09:30,80 --> At 00:09:33,320, Character said: to the stuff that I'm made of,
the stuff that you're made of,

120
At 00:09:45,920, Character said: Now, you see that's
already starting to react -

122
At 00:09:48,760, Character said: it's turning brown,
it's starting to bubble.

123
At 00:09:50,840, Character said: The concentrated
sulphuric acid -

124
At 00:09:53,640, Character said: and this is 90-odd percent
concentrated,

125
At 00:09:59,120, Character said: is ripping the water
out of the sugar.

127
At 00:10:03,560, Character said: In fact, that dark material
there is carbon.

128
At 00:10:07,400, Character said: It's what's left over

129
At 00:10:08,720, Character said: when you rip all the water
out of the sugar.

130
At 00:10:10,920, Character said: | can show you.

131
At 00:10:11,960, Character said: So, C12H22011...

132
At 00:10:15,720, Character said: So that's the sugar we've g***t.

133
At 00:10:17,640, Character said: And then sulphuric acid,

134
At 00:10:19,480, Character said: which is H2SO4,

135
At 00:10:21,280, Character said: and that goes
to carbon and water,

136
At 00:10:25,360, Character said: and... (LAUGHS)
| can smell it, actually!

137
At 00:10:28,320, Character said: ... sulphur dioxide.

138
At 00:10:30,600, Character said: - That's it. And a lot of heat.
- (BUBBLING)

139
00:10:33,00 --> At 00:10:34,520, Character said: that started off...