Solar.System.2024.S01E02.1080p.BluRay.x264-DRCOX_track3_[eng] Subtitles

At 00:00:16,360, Character said: It's midsummer.

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At 00:00:21,720, Character said: A storm is breaking...

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00:00:31,00 --> At 00:00:38,600, Character said: ... forming floods that drain
into raging rivers...

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At 00:00:49,920, Character said: ..and giant lakes.

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At 00:00:57,200, Character said: This is the only world
in our solar system

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At 00:01:10,760, Character said: .. apart from our own planet.

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At 00:01:18,520, Character said: 1.4 billion kilometres
from the sun

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00:01:22,00 --> 00:01:25,40
lies Earth's strange,
stormy twin.

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At 00:01:32,480, Character said: Saturn's moon Titan is,
in some ways,

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00:01:35,80 --> At 00:01:43,120, Character said: than any other place
in the solar system.

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At 00:01:45,680, Character said: | could stand on the surface
of Titan in a spacesuit

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At 00:01:50,400, Character said: and look out over lakes,

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At 00:01:53,360, Character said: and | could look into the sky,

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At 00:02:02,160, Character said: But appearances can be
deceptive.

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At 00:02:12,200, Character said: Temperatures on Titan

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00:02:14,40 --> At 00:02:17,320, Character said: far too cold for liquid water.

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At 00:02:24,320, Character said: Instead, these clouds are made
of a chemical that, on Earth,

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At 00:02:28,960, Character said: is a flammable gas.

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At 00:02:32,120, Character said: Methane.

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At 00:02:37,480, Character said: Titan is a world sculpted
by methane storms.

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At 00:02:43,840, Character said: Titan is the only moon
in the solar system

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At 00:02:45,800, Character said: with a thick atmosphere,

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At 00:02:47,520, Character said: and that atmosphere is the
stage for the methane cycle,

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At 00:02:55,160, Character said: condense as clouds,
and fall as rain.

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At 00:02:58,800, Character said: But Titan is certainly not
the only storm world.

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At 00:03:07,440, Character said: Among the most dynamic
and violent worlds

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At 00:03:09,720, Character said: in our solar system...

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At 00:03:14,680, Character said: ..are the handful that,
like Titan,

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At 00:03:18,280, Character said: have a thick atmosphere.

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At 00:03:23,840, Character said: Planets where
sulphuric acid storms rage...

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At 00:03:35,520, Character said: ..and lighting ten times
more powerful

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At 00:03:45,880, Character said: ...and worlds whose storms
grow so large,

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At 00:03:48,600, Character said: they are entirely engulfed.

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At 00:04:02,760, Character said: (THUNDER ROLLS)

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At 00:04:15,760, Character said: On a perfectly still morning
like this...

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At 00:04:19,800, Character said: ..as the sun rises
above the high plains of Utah,

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At 00:04:32,200, Character said: and central to the character
of our planet.

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At 00:04:44,280, Character said: Atmospheres behave like fluids,

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At 00:04:47,280, Character said: and that's extremely important
for a planet like Earth.

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At 00:04:52,600, Character said: Let me show you what | mean.

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At 00:05:02,280, Character said: Now, if | build a model
of the Earth's atmosphere -

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At 00:05:06,600, Character said: which is coffee -

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At 00:05:08,240, Character said: and then,
if | put some milk in...

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At 00:05:11,680, Character said: ...which is a denser fluid
than the coffee,

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At 00:05:15,280, Character said: and so it's sinking down
to the bottom of the pan.

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At 00:05:19,440, Character said: And the reason
| want to do that

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At 00:05:21,480, Character said: is to show you something that
happens when | heat a fluid.

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At 00:05:28,720, Character said: You think about a planet
like the Earth,

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At 00:05:31,320, Character said: then it's heated from the sun.

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At 00:05:33,800, Character said: That means that there are
temperature differences

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At 00:05:36,520, Character said: naturally occurring
in our atmosphere,

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At 00:05:41,200, Character said: when there are temperature
differences that matters.

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At 00:05:44,440, Character said: So what you see here
is that that milk

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At 00:05:47,920, Character said: at the bottom of the pan

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At 00:05:54,360, Character said: And that temperature difference
is trying to equalise.

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At 00:05:58,960, Character said: So it's not that
the temperature difference

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At 00:06:01,440, Character said: just equalises
In a nice uniform way.

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At 00:06:03,800, Character said: But you can see it...there.

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At 00:06:07,400, Character said: See? There are patterns
developing.

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At 00:06:10,400, Character said: A tremendous amount
of complexity.

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At 00:06:13,520, Character said: And it's exactly the same
in our atmosphere.

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At 00:06:16,880, Character said: But in our atmosphere,
we Call all those patterns

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At 00:06:20,680, Character said: and all that turbulence
weather.

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At 00:06:33,200, Character said: can almost be thought of
as side-effects

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At 00:06:35,440, Character said: of an atmosphere
trying to move energy

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At 00:06:38,280, Character said: between hot and cold.

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At 00:06:45,120, Character said: lf a world has an atmosphere,

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At 00:06:46,600, Character said: it will have some form
of weather.

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At 00:06:56,160, Character said: But as the fleet of spacecraft

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At 00:07:02,560, Character said: ..atmospheres vary hugely

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At 00:07:05,480, Character said: by temperature, pressure
and chemical make-up.

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At 00:07:14,200, Character said: while storms might be common
in our solar system,

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At 00:07:16,840, Character said: on no two worlds
are they ever the same.

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At 00:07:34,160, Character said: Journeying outwards
from our shared star,

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At 00:07:37,320, Character said: searching for storm worlds...

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At 00:07:52,480, Character said: ...and arrive at a world
consumed by one.

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At 00:08:05,880, Character said: From a distance, Venus appears
to be a serene pearlescent orb

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At 00:08:10,720, Character said: floating in space.

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At 00:08:18,240, Character said: ..and the planet begins to
reveal its true nature.

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At 00:08:23,640, Character said: (WIND WHISTLES)

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At 00:08:26,320, Character said: All that can be seen
are clouds.

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At 00:08:29,280, Character said: Endless, thick,
churning storm clouds

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At 00:08:47,320, Character said: ..and whipped up
by hurricane-force winds.

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At 00:08:53,440, Character said: Venus Is a true storm world.

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At 00:09:02,600, Character said: Now, those clouds on Venus

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At 00:09:04,400, Character said: just look like storm clouds
here on Earth.

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00:09:07,00 --> At 00:09:09,520, Character said: but maybe nothing too much
to worry about

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At 00:09:12,400, Character said: if you were sat beneath them.

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At 00:09:14,880, Character said: Well, they are actually
something to worry about.

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At 00:09:18,880, Character said: They're not made of water.

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At 00:09:22,360, Character said: They're made of this.

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At 00:09:23,960, Character said: Concentrated sulphuric acid.

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At 00:09:26,760, Character said: (LAUGHS) Now, even saying that
sounds nasty,

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00:09:30,80 --> At 00:09:33,320, Character said: to the stuff that I'm made of,
the stuff that you're made of,

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At 00:09:45,920, Character said: Now, you see that's
already starting to react -

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At 00:09:48,760, Character said: it's turning brown,
it's starting to bubble.

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At 00:09:50,840, Character said: The concentrated
sulphuric acid -

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At 00:09:53,640, Character said: and this is 90-odd percent
concentrated,

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At 00:09:59,120, Character said: is ripping the water
out of the sugar.

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At 00:10:03,560, Character said: In fact, that dark material
there is carbon.

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At 00:10:07,400, Character said: It's what's left over

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At 00:10:08,720, Character said: when you rip all the water
out of the sugar.

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At 00:10:10,920, Character said: | can show you.

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At 00:10:11,960, Character said: So, C12H22011...

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At 00:10:15,720, Character said: So that's the sugar we've g***t.

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At 00:10:17,640, Character said: And then sulphuric acid,

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At 00:10:19,480, Character said: which is H2SO4,

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At 00:10:21,280, Character said: and that goes
to carbon and water,

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At 00:10:25,360, Character said: and... (LAUGHS)
| can smell it, actually!

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At 00:10:28,320, Character said: ... sulphur dioxide.

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At 00:10:30,600, Character said: - That's it. And a lot of heat.
- (BUBBLING)

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00:10:33,00 --> At 00:10:34,520, Character said: that started off...