Solar.System.2024.S01E01.1080p.BluRay.x264-DRCOX_track3_[eng] Movie Subtitles

1 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:17,760 So far, we've set foot on one world beyond our own. 2 00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:24,360 We discovered a desolate, barren rock... 3 00:00:26,240 --> 00:00:29,200 ..an ancient, unchanging cratered world. 4 00:00:33,80 --> 00:00:35,400 And the footprints we left there 5 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:37,600 could last for millions of years. 6 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:42,920 Our only direct personal experience 7 00:00:43,40 --> 00:00:45,600 of an alien world is of our Moon - 8 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:50,200 beautiful, but a dead, inactive world, frozen in time - 9 00:00:50,320 --> 00:00:53,920 whereas our planet is active and alive. 10 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:57,880 If you come to the right places on Earth, 11 00:00:58,00 --> 00:01:03,320 it's literally seething with energy beneath our feet. 12 00:01:12,840 --> 00:01:16,160 For a long time, we wondered if all this activity 13 00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:18,80 is unique to our planet. 14 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:23,480 But now, thanks to a fleet of spacecraft, 15 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:26,600 we know our world is not alone. 16 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,160 We currently have over 40 probes 17 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:36,880 exploring the solar system... 18 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:42,00 .. relaying a stream of information to Earth... 19 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:45,400 ...allowing us to see our sister worlds 20 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:47,480 in unprecedented detail. 21 00:01:55,520 --> 00:01:59,00 They're revealing planets and moons covered with volcanoes, 22 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:02,720 dwarfing anything seen on our planet. 23 00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:09,800 Alien landscapes bursting with fire... 24 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:14,520 ...and ice. 25 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:22,280 Eruptions so violent, they reach into space. 26 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:30,960 So, why are some worlds vibrant and alive... 27 00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:35,840 ...while others are cold and dead? 28 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:40,800 Now, that question is deeper than it first sounds, 29 00:02:40,920 --> 00:02:43,400 because answering it will have profound implications 30 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:46,720 for our understanding of our place in the universe. 31 00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:48,720 See, geological activity, 32 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:52,240 the flow of energy from the interior of a world outwards, 33 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:54,880 is necessary for the origin of life. 34 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,480 And that's why finding and understanding those worlds 35 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:01,720 is a necessary first step 36 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:05,240 in the search for life beyond Earth. 37 00:03:19,40 --> 00:03:21,960 (CRASHING AND RUMBLING) 38 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:34,920 Let's begin a journey to the volcano worlds... 39 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:37,360 ... by leaving Earth... 40 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:41,440 .. heading away from the sun... 41 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:47,640 ..and setting a course to the planet next door - 42 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:49,720 the most visited of them all. 43 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:11,840 For almost two decades... 44 00:04:13,240 --> 00:04:16,360 ... the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has pointed its cameras 45 00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:18,80 at the Red Planet. 46 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:27,840 And the images it has sent back 47 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:31,40 have revealed volcanoes on a staggering scale. 48 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:38,40 One So wide... 49 00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:42,480 ..[t would span the UK. 50 00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:49,280 And one so fall... 51 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:53,440 ../t rises up through Mars's atmosphere, 52 00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:55,320 almost to the edge of space. 53 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:07,240 Over time, these mega volcanoes 54 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:09,400 have flooded the Martian surface 55 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:12,480 with a billion billion tonnes of lava... 56 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:23,200 ...so much that they've tipped the entire planet over 57 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:25,40 by 20 degrees. 58 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:37,240 So, what drives a planet's volcanism? 59 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:56,480 Iceland's one of the most volcanically active 60 00:05:56,600 --> 00:05:57,920 places on Earth. 61 00:05:58,40 --> 00:06:00,40 This is the Icelandic Met Office, 62 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:02,720 so this is the weather forecasting site. 63 00:06:02,840 --> 00:06:05,880 But it also gives you a real-time update 64 00:06:06,00 --> 00:06:07,520 on earthquakes, 65 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:10,200 and earthquakes are precursors for volcanic eruptions. 66 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:14,160 These dots are all earthquakes that have happened 67 00:06:14,280 --> 00:06:16,400 in the last few hours, actually. 68 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:20,120 And we, at the moment, are driving along a road... 69 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:24,360 (LAUGHS) ...in there! So, there's... 70 00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:26,480 Is that OK, by the way? 71 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:28,480 - Oh, yeah, that's normal. - It's normal? 72 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:30,160 - Yeah. - Yeah? 73 00:06:30,280 --> 00:06:32,840 KARL: When you have a collection 74 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:34,120 of earthquakes like this, 75 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:36,480 a lot in the same place, at the same time, 76 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:38,320 it's called the Jardéfreedingur. 77 00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:39,840 - Jar6...? - ...freedingur 78 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:41,600 ...reedingur. 79 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:43,920 Yeah, so it's basically stirring the Earth. 80 00:06:44,40 --> 00:06:45,960 - Stirring the Earth. - Yeah, yeah. 81 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:57,600 But recently, the land here did more than stir. 82 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:18,120 Just last year, over ten million Cubic metres of lava 83 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:20,400 flowed out down this valley, 84 00:07:20,520 --> 00:07:22,600 creating brand-new land. 85 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:25,400 This is planet-building in action. 86 00:07:33,440 --> 00:07:35,600 Activity so recent, 87 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,520 you can still see the afterglow. 88 00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:49,880 So, there's the old volcano in the distance, 89 00:07:50,00 --> 00:07:51,440 which is old and cold, 90 00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:53,800 and then there's all this new land. 91 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:56,960 And look, it's glowing! 92 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:02,120 To drive volcanism on this scale 93 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:04,80 takes an enormous amount of energy. 94 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:08,800 So, where does it all come from? 95 00:08:11,880 --> 00:08:13,480 Think about what was happening here 96 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:16,840 about 4.5 billion years ago. 97 00:08:21,80 --> 00:08:22,120 So, this would have been 98 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,880 a cloud of gas and dust and rocks, 99 00:08:25,00 --> 00:08:26,840 and all those rocks 100 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:29,680 falling together under the influence of gravity 101 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:32,880 ultimately to form the primordial Earth. 102 00:08:36,80 --> 00:08:38,280 During our planet's formation, 103 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:42,880 that gravitational energy was transformed into heat... 104 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:45,920 ...adding to the heat released 105 00:08:46,40 --> 00:08:48,200 by the decay of radioactive elements. 106 00:08:50,760 --> 00:08:52,880 Heat is a form of energy. 107 00:08:53,00 --> 00:08:56,680 Now, there's a law of physics, a law of thermodynamics - 108 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:59,40 it's called the first law of thermodynamics - 109 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:02,200 and it says that energy is neither created nor destroyed. 110 00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:05,480 So, all the energy released when all those rocks 111 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:08,120 were smashing together to form the primordial Earth 112 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:09,440 is still here. 113 00:09:09,560 --> 00:09:13,120 It's stored - trapped - ever since. 114 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:22,840 Just below the surface there, down in that crack, 115 00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:25,200 it's just glowing hot! 116 00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:38,560 Mars formed at the same time, and in the same way - 117 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:42,320 the planet trapping enough heat to raise the largest volcanoes 118 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:43,960 in the solar system. 119 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:53,720 But unlike the Earth, 120 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:58,240 these giant volcanoes fell silent millions of years ago. 121 00:10:07,680 --> 00:10:11,400 Something happened to Mars's inner heat. 122 00:10:23,00 --> 00:10:24,680 And in the north of the planet... 123 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:29,840 ... Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 124 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:31,920 spotted a clue. 125 00:10:33,560 --> 00:10:34,880 An impact crater... 126 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:41,120 ...Whose walls appear to be built 127 00:10:41,240 --> 00:10:43,880 from an intricate array Of pillars... 128 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,840 ...SO perfect they look almost engineered. 129 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:03,640 They aren't, of course, the work of Martian sculptors. 130 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:09,240 They're also found here on Earth. 131 00:11:15,600 --> 00:11:19,360 Just look at these beautiful geometric shapes. 132 00:11:19,480 --> 00:11:23,760 They look almost carved into the rock. 133 00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:29,600 They are a beautiful example of one of... 134 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:31,920 ...actually perhaps, in some sense, 135 00:11:32,40 --> 00:11:34,520 the most fundamental law of nature in action, 136 00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:36,600 the second law of thermodynamics. 137 00:11:40,80 --> 00:11:41,640 The second law of thermodynamics, 138 00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:43,440 put really simply, is that 139 00:11:43,560 --> 00:11:45,920 if you get a hot thing - high temperature - 140 00:11:46,40 --> 00:11:48,440 and bring it into contact with a cold thing - 141 00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:49,680 low temperature -...