Pope The Most Powerful s01e05 The Wartime Popes.eng Movie Subtitles

1 00:00:06,539 --> 00:00:09,909 male narrator: One of the most powerful men on Earth 2 00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:11,880 holds a position that has existed 3 00:00:11,978 --> 00:00:15,078 for nearly 2,000 years. 4 00:00:17,384 --> 00:00:20,924 As the world changes and faith evolves, 5 00:00:21,021 --> 00:00:23,891 his authority remains. 6 00:00:23,990 --> 00:00:26,760 What began with one apostle 7 00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:31,830 has become 1.2 billion followers under one man. 8 00:00:31,898 --> 00:00:34,228 He is the head of the Catholic Church, 9 00:00:34,334 --> 00:00:39,874 the pope, and this is his path to power. 10 00:00:39,939 --> 00:00:42,879 [dramatic music] 11 00:00:42,942 --> 00:00:50,052 ♪ ♪ 12 00:01:19,546 --> 00:01:22,546 In this episode... 13 00:01:22,615 --> 00:01:24,375 choices in the face of war 14 00:01:24,451 --> 00:01:27,951 leave an indelible mark on the papacy. 15 00:01:28,054 --> 00:01:29,624 While the world debates sainthood 16 00:01:29,722 --> 00:01:31,662 for one of the most controversial popes 17 00:01:31,758 --> 00:01:34,128 of the modern era... 18 00:01:34,227 --> 00:01:37,227 history is forced to consider: 19 00:01:37,297 --> 00:01:39,497 did the Catholic Church do enough? 20 00:01:39,599 --> 00:01:41,399 ♪ ♪ 21 00:01:57,584 --> 00:02:00,524 [solemn chanting] 22 00:02:00,620 --> 00:02:05,460 ♪ ♪ 23 00:02:05,525 --> 00:02:07,855 Pope Francis is the third sitting pope 24 00:02:07,961 --> 00:02:11,501 to visit a Nazi death camp. 25 00:02:11,598 --> 00:02:14,268 On July 29th, 2016, 26 00:02:14,334 --> 00:02:18,374 he makes an historic visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland. 27 00:02:18,471 --> 00:02:21,441 [melancholy music] 28 00:02:21,508 --> 00:02:23,138 ♪ ♪ 29 00:02:23,209 --> 00:02:25,509 In this camp alone, the Nazis put 30 00:02:25,612 --> 00:02:28,682 more than one million people to death. 31 00:02:28,781 --> 00:02:30,551 ♪ ♪ 32 00:02:30,650 --> 00:02:33,520 - According to Catholic teaching today, 33 00:02:33,620 --> 00:02:35,890 anti-Semitism is a sin. 34 00:02:35,989 --> 00:02:37,559 Jewish people are to be respected. 35 00:02:37,657 --> 00:02:39,057 They are not to be converted. 36 00:02:39,159 --> 00:02:42,529 They have their own relationship with God. 37 00:02:42,629 --> 00:02:44,629 But this was a Christian society 38 00:02:44,697 --> 00:02:48,027 that somehow was able to view Jews 39 00:02:48,134 --> 00:02:51,244 as enough of an other, an outsider, 40 00:02:51,337 --> 00:02:53,567 that they could live with this. 41 00:02:53,673 --> 00:02:58,913 ♪ ♪ 42 00:02:59,012 --> 00:03:01,052 narrator: Pope Francis' visit to Auschwitz 43 00:03:01,147 --> 00:03:03,477 immerses the pontificate in a harrowing time 44 00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:06,420 in both world and Church history. 45 00:03:06,519 --> 00:03:11,259 ♪ ♪ 46 00:03:11,357 --> 00:03:14,987 Faced with the haunting images of the Holocaust, 47 00:03:15,061 --> 00:03:16,761 Pope Francis is confronted 48 00:03:16,863 --> 00:03:19,273 by the legacies of his predecessors. 49 00:03:19,365 --> 00:03:21,265 ♪ ♪ 50 00:03:21,367 --> 00:03:23,367 - The question is not only what we think the pope did 51 00:03:23,436 --> 00:03:25,436 during the Second World War and during the Holocaust 52 00:03:25,538 --> 00:03:27,538 but what we think the pope should have done. 53 00:03:27,607 --> 00:03:28,777 [cymbal shimmers] 54 00:03:28,875 --> 00:03:31,435 [dramatic music] 55 00:03:31,544 --> 00:03:34,954 narrator: Pope Pius XII is a polarizing figure. 56 00:03:35,048 --> 00:03:37,918 Many praise his bravery in the face of fascism, 57 00:03:38,017 --> 00:03:41,247 while others believe he could have done more. 58 00:03:43,122 --> 00:03:46,062 - There's a controversial move to canonize Pius XII, 59 00:03:46,125 --> 00:03:49,125 to have him declared a saint. 60 00:03:49,229 --> 00:03:50,559 I think the real crux of the issue 61 00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:53,200 is whether the actions of this pope, 62 00:03:53,266 --> 00:03:55,026 in the midst of one of the great tragedies 63 00:03:55,101 --> 00:03:56,741 of human history, 64 00:03:56,803 --> 00:03:59,913 whether that's the stuff of the vicar of Christ. 65 00:03:59,973 --> 00:04:01,643 Is that the stuff of a saint? 66 00:04:03,142 --> 00:04:05,312 narrator: The controversy surrounding Pius XII 67 00:04:05,411 --> 00:04:08,621 begins long before he ever becomes pope. 68 00:04:08,715 --> 00:04:11,545 [percussive music] 69 00:04:11,618 --> 00:04:16,988 From 1917 to 1929, Eugenio Pacelli, 70 00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:19,160 the future Pope Pius XII, 71 00:04:19,259 --> 00:04:23,829 serves as a papal ambassador stationed in Germany. 72 00:04:23,930 --> 00:04:26,300 - Pacelli was tapped by the Vatican 73 00:04:26,399 --> 00:04:30,999 to try to go to Germany to bring an end to World War I. 74 00:04:31,104 --> 00:04:32,574 He didn't bring an end to the war, 75 00:04:32,639 --> 00:04:34,009 but he stayed in Germany. 76 00:04:34,107 --> 00:04:35,977 He was helping displaced persons, 77 00:04:36,075 --> 00:04:37,005 injured persons. 78 00:04:37,110 --> 00:04:38,510 Then the soldiers come back. 79 00:04:38,611 --> 00:04:43,021 ♪ ♪ 80 00:04:43,116 --> 00:04:48,146 - Because of World War I and Germany losing World War I, 81 00:04:48,254 --> 00:04:50,024 Germany was in a state of chaos, 82 00:04:50,123 --> 00:04:53,193 and as a result, there was political unrest. 83 00:04:53,293 --> 00:04:54,833 There was revolution. 84 00:04:56,663 --> 00:04:58,533 - You've g***t a bunch of young men who don't have jobs, 85 00:04:58,631 --> 00:05:00,701 and they feel like they were betrayed by their country, 86 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:02,840 and there's this violence in the streets. 87 00:05:02,935 --> 00:05:04,495 [man shouts indistinctly] 88 00:05:04,604 --> 00:05:06,114 They start forming these organizations 89 00:05:06,172 --> 00:05:10,142 that eventually morph into the Nazis. 90 00:05:10,209 --> 00:05:11,339 [cymbal shimmers] 91 00:05:14,147 --> 00:05:15,777 narrator: Oppressive government regimes 92 00:05:15,848 --> 00:05:18,548 across Europe gain traction by blaming 93 00:05:18,651 --> 00:05:21,221 outsiders, immigrants, and Jews 94 00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:24,721 for the post-war economic and political crisis. 95 00:05:26,826 --> 00:05:29,956 In 1922, Benito Mussolini leads 96 00:05:30,029 --> 00:05:34,399 the National Fascist Party to a victory in Italy... 97 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:38,070 while Hitler and the Nazis rise to power in Germany, 98 00:05:38,171 --> 00:05:40,341 where Pacelli is stationed. 99 00:05:43,343 --> 00:05:48,483 New pope Pius XI is faced with unprecedented unrest. 100 00:05:54,354 --> 00:05:58,024 - Pius XI was an interesting pope. 101 00:05:58,091 --> 00:05:59,531 ♪ ♪ 102 00:05:59,592 --> 00:06:00,862 A diplomat, 103 00:06:00,927 --> 00:06:03,997 very experienced in international politics, 104 00:06:04,063 --> 00:06:07,233 and he saw the evil of Nazism. 105 00:06:08,534 --> 00:06:10,404 narrator: The Nazi Party stands firmly 106 00:06:10,503 --> 00:06:11,943 as anti-religion, 107 00:06:12,038 --> 00:06:13,738 putting Jews and Catholics 108 00:06:13,840 --> 00:06:15,710 in their crosshairs. 109 00:06:15,775 --> 00:06:19,205 Alarmed by what he sees happening in Nazi Germany, 110 00:06:19,278 --> 00:06:21,278 Pius XI implores Pacelli 111 00:06:21,381 --> 00:06:24,751 to be his eyes and ears on the ground. 112 00:06:24,851 --> 00:06:27,521 - Hitler's in Munich, and the future pope Pius XII 113 00:06:27,587 --> 00:06:29,757 is in Munich at the same time. 114 00:06:29,856 --> 00:06:32,426 He sees Hitler seizing power, 115 00:06:32,525 --> 00:06:35,795 and he's reporting back to Rome about what's going on. 116 00:06:39,799 --> 00:06:42,439 [solemn piano music] 117 00:06:42,535 --> 00:06:44,295 - Pius XI and Eugenio Pacelli 118 00:06:44,404 --> 00:06:46,774 had a very unique relationship. 119 00:06:46,873 --> 00:06:50,383 Pacelli was really, really critical in helping to steer 120 00:06:50,443 --> 00:06:53,753 much of the major decisions that Pius XI made. 121 00:06:55,815 --> 00:06:57,915 Pius XI asked Eugenio Pacelli 122 00:06:57,984 --> 00:07:00,794 to become his secretary of state, 123 00:07:00,887 --> 00:07:02,587 and so Pacelli becomes, effectively, 124 00:07:02,655 --> 00:07:04,385 the second most powerful man 125 00:07:04,457 --> 00:07:06,657 in the government of the Church. 126 00:07:06,759 --> 00:07:09,499 narrator: As fascism explodes all over Europe, 127 00:07:09,595 --> 00:07:13,295 Catholics become enemies of the state. 128 00:07:13,399 --> 00:07:15,269 - The thing about Catholics in particular... 129 00:07:15,334 --> 00:07:18,174 [boys singing] 130 00:07:18,271 --> 00:07:20,511 Catholics had a relationship, 131 00:07:20,606 --> 00:07:24,836 a devotion to something outside the government. 132 00:07:24,944 --> 00:07:27,014 - There's gonna be conflict over the status 133 00:07:27,113 --> 00:07:28,583 of Catholic youth groups 134 00:07:28,648 --> 00:07:30,678 and whether these youth groups ought to be 135 00:07:30,783 --> 00:07:33,693 brought under the umbrella fascist organization. 136 00:07:33,786 --> 00:07:37,086 - There are some Catholic bishops who were beaten... 137 00:07:37,156 --> 00:07:39,356 [cheering and shouting] 138 00:07:39,459 --> 00:07:42,089 Who...